Abstract: The dynamic balance of the soil organic carbon pool affects the change of soil fertility, improvement of the yield and quality in tobacco production, which is an important research focus in improving soil fertility and keeping the sustainable development of tobacco. The composition of tobacco-planted soil carbon pool was described briefly, as well as fixation and balance of soil organic carbon, and the major loss pathway of soil organic carbon was analyzed. The enhancing improvement measures of tobacco-planted soil organic carbon were also proposed for tobacco production and tobacco-planted soil improvement.