Abstract: In order to study the effect of curing process on neutral aroma compounds of tobacco, HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS and half leaf method were used to analyze kinds, contents and proportion of the neutral aroma compounds in two flue-cured tobacco cultivars (K326, Nanjiang 3) before and after curing. The results showed that there were significant changes in kinds, contents and proportion of the neutral aroma compounds. (1) Many kinds of aroma compounds were degraded or transformed during curing process, 19 aroma compounds uniquely found in tobacco leaves before curing and 36 extra aroma compounds found in tobacco leaves after curing; (2) By the end of curing, the total amount of aroma compounds were significantly higher than before curing, and the total amount of aroma compounds (except neophytadiene) in K326 was significantly higher than that Nanjiang 3 for witch transformed more fully; (3) The proportion of phenylalanine degradation products and carotenoids degradation products in the total amount of neutral aroma compounds increased significantly. Conversely, the proportion of cembratriendid compounds significantly decreased after curing. In conclusion, 36 kinds of extra aroma compounds (mainly maillard reaction production and carotenoid degradation production) generated during cuing, but 19 kinds of aromatic components (mainly aldehydes, alcohols and esters) lost.