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    烟草黑胫病拮抗真菌的筛选及活性评价

    Selection and Field Evaluation of Antagonistic Fungi against Tobacco Black Shank

    • 摘要: 为获得更多防治烟草黑胫病的拮抗真菌,从烟草黑胫病发病烟株根际土壤分离20株真菌,通过平板对峙法筛选,发现菌株ZP2-1、ZP2-3、ZP2-4、GZ3、GZ7对烟草黑胫病菌具有较好的抑制效果。形态学和分子生物学分析表明,ZP2-1为里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)、ZP2-3为拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis)、ZP2-4为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、GZ3为烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)、GZ7为红棕肉座菌(Hypocre rufa)。ZP2-4具有较强分泌纤维素酶和蛋白酶的能力且固体发酵产孢能力显著(p<0.01)高于其余4株菌。ZP2-1、GZ3、ZP2-4固态发酵产物纤维素酶活性相当且显著(p<0.01)高于ZP2-3和GZ7。田间试验结果显示,ZP2-1、GZ3、ZP2-4对烟草黑胫病田间防治效果分别为59.50%、61.82%、85.00%。

       

      Abstract: In order to obtain more antagonistic fungi for prevention and control of tobacco black shank, 20 fungal strains were isolated from tobacco rhizosphere soil, among which ZP2-1, ZP2-3, ZP2-4, GZ3, and GZ7 had antagonistic effects on Phytophthora nicotianae. Molecular and morphological analysis showed that these strains were identified as Trichoderma reesei ZP2-1, Trichoderma koningiopsis ZP2-3, Aspergillus niger ZP2-4, Aspergillus fumigatus GZ3 and Hypocre rufa GZ7. ZP2-4 has a strong ability to secrete cellulase and protease and the ability of sporulation in solid fermentation was higher than that of the other 4 strains (p<0.01). The cellulase activities of the solid fermentation products of ZP2-1, GZ3 and ZP2-4 were fairly high and significantly higher than that of ZP2-3 and GZ7 (p<0.01). ZP2-1, GZ3 and ZP2-4 with high spore producing ability and cellulase activity in solid fermentation were selected for field trial. The results showed that the control efficiency against tobacco black shank of ZP2-1, GZ3 and ZP2-4 were 59.50%, 61.82% and 85.00%, respectively.

       

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