Abstract: Yunyan87 was used as the test material to analyze soil moisture, root vigor, upper leaf agronomic traits, photosynthetic parameters, key enzyme activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, anti-aging indicators and related enzyme activities, tobacco leaf quality and other indicators after application of different dosages of super absorbent polymer. The results showed that the application of super absorbent polymer can increase water content in the rhizosphere soil, increase root vitality and photosynthetic characteristics of the upper leaves, increase leaf area, improve agronomic traits, and promote opening; And increase the upper leaf protective enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and NR, NI activities, accelerate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and then reduce nicotine content in the upper leaves, increase soluble sugar, improve sugar-base ratio coordinativeness, improve chemical quality, and increase yield and output value. In this study, the effect was the best when the amount of water-retaining agent was 4 g/plant.