Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of different ecological factors on aroma component contents in flue-cured tobacco K326 in Yunnan, 182 of tobacco samples from various ecological conditions were selected, simultaneous distillation extraction was used to extract tobacco aroma components, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that: (1) the influencing order of different ecological factors on aroma components of K326 was tobacco-growing area > soil texture > altitude; (2) tobacco-growing area had significant influence on aroma components of K326, which were higher in Baoshan, Wenshan and Honghe tobacco-growing areas; (3) there were remarkable differences in aroma component contents of K326 among different soil textures, medium loam > light clay > heavy loam; (4) altitude influenced the contents of aroma components in K326, and 1801~2300 m was most unfavorable for K326 in Yunnan.