Abstract: Fifty one of soil samples were collected from southern Anhui Province to detect tobacco soil borne pathogens during 2011-2012. Tobacco soil borne pathogens were mainly composed of Phytophthora parasitica, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Ralstonia solanacearum, which were detected by a molecular biology method. The results demonstrated that the positive rates of P. parasitica, T. basicola and R. solanacearum of 51 samples were 19.6%, 41.2% and 56.9%, respectively. All three diseases occured in Anhui province, but the detection rate of R. solanacearum was the highest among pathogens. This study demonstrates the potential application of molecular biology method in detecting soil borne plant pathogens, which can provide a theoretical basis for tobacco planting in the production.