Abstract: To explore suitable wheat straw application measure, a field experiment was carried out to determine contrasting effects of wheat straw incorporation and wheat straw-derived biochar on leaf development, yield and quality of tobacco leaves.The results showed that tobacco leaf development was firstly restrained, then promoted when using wheat straw incorporation, which showed little impact on tobacco yield, output as well as visual appearance of middle tobacco leaves.And contents of potassium and nicotine in both middle and upper leaves were significantly increased in this treatment.Tobacco leaf development was generally promoted with application of wheat straw-derived biochar, and yield and output of tobacco were significantly increased by 21.83%, 54.23% respectively.Scores of body, oil and total scores of visual appearance in middle tobacco leaves were significantly increased in this treatment.Contents of potassium in middle and upper leaves were also significantly increased by 8.39%, 22.63%, respectively, while no significant increase of nicotine content was observed with biochar addition.Therefore, biochar addition is a suitable strategy to improve leaf development, as well as yield and quality of tobacco.