Abstract: To explore quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco in four soils (paddy soil, yellow soil, red soil, and volcanic ash soil). The results showed that the physical properties of volcanic ash soils were fine, and its bulk density was 0.73 g/cm³, which was the lowest among the four soils. The content of total sugar was 30.14% in flue-cured tobacco planted in volcanic ash soil, which was significantly lower than those in the yellow soil and paddy soil. The content of potassium and the availability index of chemical composition were 2.55% and 0.71, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in yellow soil and paddy soil. The content of lutein, beta-carotene and rutin were 130.40 μg/g, 133.40 μg/g and 11.75 mg/g respectively, which were the highest among the four soils. The content of pigment degradation products was 31.42 mg/g, and there was not significant difference observed among four soils; The content of total volatile organic acids was 70.03 mg/g, which was significantly higher than those in yellow soil and red soil. Malic acid was 45.10 mg/g, which was the highest among the four soils. The physical characteristics of volcanic ash soils seems to be important factors for high quality tobacco with characteristics in volcanic ash soil.