Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Conditions of Tobacco-planting Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activities and the Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco
-
摘要: 为明确不同前茬作物对土壤和烤烟生产的影响，采用田间试验研究了冬闲、绿肥和大蒜3种前茬处理对土壤养分、土壤酶活性、烤烟生长和烟叶质量的影响。结果表明：（1）与冬闲处理相比较，烤烟移栽时，前作种植大蒜与种植绿肥处理的土壤pH分别降低了0.48和0.46个单位；土壤速效钾分别增加了108.80和217.39 mg/kg；采收结束后，前作大蒜和绿肥处理的土壤有效磷、速效钾及可溶性有机碳含量显著升高，且绿肥效果显著大于大蒜；前作大蒜和绿肥处理提高了土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性，且绿肥效果大于大蒜处理。（2）前作大蒜处理烤烟生物产量移栽后30 d与冬闲处理相当，移栽后60 d显著高于冬闲处理；前作绿肥处理在移栽后30 d生物产量显著低于冬闲处理，但移栽后60 d显著高于冬闲处理；不同前作处理对烤烟氮素和钾素吸收的影响与对生物产量影响的趋势相一致。（3）前作种植大蒜和绿肥可以提高烟叶产量和产值，且绿肥效果高于大蒜，但需要注意的是种植绿肥导致烟叶氮含量增加，烟叶感官评吸质量明显下降。综上所述，前茬种植大蒜与绿肥均能在一定程度上改善烟田土壤条件、提高烟叶产量，绿肥还田后烤烟要适当减少施肥量。Abstract: In order to study the effects of different preceding crops on the nutrients of tobacco-planting soil and on growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was conducted by using winter fallow and garlic and green manure. The results showed that:(1) Compared with the winter fallow treatment, the garlic and green manure treatments significantly decreased soil pH by 0.48 and 0.46 units, while increased soil available potassium by 108.80 and 217.39 mg/kg respectively. Garlic and green manure treatments significantly increased the contents of soil available phosphorus, available potassium and soluble organic carbon, and the effects of green manure were significantly higher than those of garlic. Both garlic and green manure treatments significantly enhanced the activities of soil invertase and urease and the effect of green manure was higher than that of garlic. (2) Compared with the winter fallow treatment, tobacco biomass of the garlic treatment was similar 30 d after transplanting, but significantly higher 60 d after transplanting. Tobacco biomass of the green manure treatment was significantly lower 30 d after transplanting, but became significantly higher than that of the winter fallow treatment 60 d after transplanting. The same trends were found in the effects of different pre-treatments on absorption of nitrogen and potassium in flue-cured tobacco. (3) The garlic and green manure treatments increased the yields and output values of tobacco, but the green manure treatment increased nitrogen content in tobacco leaves, thus significantly decreased the sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced when planting tobacco in this case. Overall, the preceding crops garlic and green manure could improve the soil conditions of the tobacco field to a certain extent, and increase the yield of tobacco leaves, but the amount of fertilizer should be reduced properly after the green manure was returned to the field.
-
Keywords:
- tobacco /
- preceding crops /
- soil pH /
- soil nutrients /
- soil enzyme activities /
- yield of tobacco leaves /
- tobacco leaf quality
-
-
[1] 李菡,孙爱清,郭恒俊. 农田不同种植模式与土壤质量的关系[J]. 应用生态学报,2010,21(2):365-372. LI H, SUN A Q, GUO H J. Effects of different planting patterns on farm land soil quality inYellow River alluvial plain of Shandong Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(2):365-372.
[2] 褚慧,宗良纲,汪张懿,等. 不同种植模式下菜地土壤腐殖质组分特性的动态变化[J]. 土壤学报,2013,50(5):931-939. CHU H, ZONG L G, WANG Z Y, et al. Different changes in humus components in vegetable soils different cultivation mode[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(4):931-939.
[3] 邱晓蕾,宗良纲,刘一凡,等. 不同种植模式对土壤团聚体及有机碳组分的影响[J]. 环境科学,2015,36(3):1045-1052. QIU X L, ZONG L G, LIU Y F, et al. Effects of different cultivation patterns on soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(3):1045-1052.
[4] 雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,等. 不同种植模式对土壤氮素转化及酶活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3227-3235. YONG T W, YANG W Y, XIANG D J, et al. Effects of different planting modes on soil nitrogen transformation and related enzyme activities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(12):3227-3235.
[5] 刘彩霞,李明,杜天庆,等. 半干旱地区不同前作模式对后茬大豆产量和土壤水分的影响[J]. 作物杂志,2017(3):121-126. LIU C X, LI M, DU T Q, et al. Effects of different pre-prpduction patterns on sovbean yield and soil moisture in semiarid region[J]. Crops, 2017(3):121-126.
[6] 贾文燕,梁银丽,白彩虹,等. 不同前茬对线辣椒生长生理和品质的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):151-156. JIA W Y, LIANG Y LI, BAI C H, et al. Effects of different proceding crops on growth physiology and quality of hot pepper[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29(1):151-156.
[7] 宋树慧. 不同前茬对马铃薯生育及土壤特性的影响[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014. SONG S H. Effects of different preceding crops on growth and soil properties of potato[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2014. [8] 徐照丽,杨宇虹. 不同前作对烤烟氮肥效应的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2008,27(11):1926-1931. XU Y L, YANG Y H. Influence of different preceding crops on nitrogen fertilizer effect of flue-cured tobacco[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 27(11):1926-1931.
[9] 刘优雄. 不同前作和肥料调控对烤烟产质量及主要化学成分影响的研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2011. LIU Y X. The effect of different fore-rotating crops and fertilizer control on the yield, quality and chemical components of tobacco[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University, 2011. [10] 刘枫,赵正雄,李忠环,等. 不同前茬作物条件下烤烟氮磷钾养分平衡[J]. 应用生态学报,2011,22(10):2622-2626. LIU F, ZHAO Z X, LI Z H, et al. Nutrient balance between N,P and K in flue-cured tobacco production under different pre-ceding crops planting[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(10):2622-2626.
[11] 苏涛,司美茹,王朝辉,等. 土壤矿质氮分析方法的影响因素研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2005, 24(6):1238-1242. SU T, SI M R, WANG Z H, et al. Effects of pretreatment, shaking and conserving method and extracting solution on results for soil mineral nitrogen[J]. Journal of Agro-environment Science, 2005, 24(6):1238-1242.
[12] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,1999. LU R K. Analytical methods for soil and agro-chemistry[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1999. [13] 陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等. 有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015,31(21):160-167. CHEN A Q, FU B, LU Y, et al. Exogenous organic materials applied to paddy field improving soil microbial biomass C,N and dissolved or ganic C, N[J]. Transactions of the Chinese society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(21):160-167.
[14] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2000. BAO S D. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000. [15] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 161-2002烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002. State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. YC/T 161-2002 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of total nitrogen-continuous flow methed[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2002. [16] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 160-2002烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002. State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. YC/T 160-2002 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of total alkaloids-continuous flow methed[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2002. [17] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 159-2002烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2002. State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. YC/T 159-2002 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of water soluble sugers-continuous flow methed[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2002. [18] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 173-2003烟草及烟草制品钾的测定火焰光度法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2003. State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. YC/T 173-2003 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of potassium-flame photometry[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2003. [19] 国家烟草专卖局. YC/T 162-2011烟草及烟草制品氯的测定连续流动法[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2011. State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. YC/T 162-2011 Tobacco and tobacco products-determination of chlorine-continuous flow method[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2011. [20] 王彦亭,谢剑平,李志宏. 中国烟草种植区划[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2010:36. WANG Y T, XIE J P, LI Z H. Chinese tobacco planting regionalization[M]. Beijing:Science press, 2010:36. [21] CRIST P J, KOBLEY T W, OAKLEA f J. Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert system tool[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2000, 15(1):47-62.
[22] 王清奎,汪思龙,高洪,等. 土地利用方式对土壤有机质的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2005,24(4):360-363. WANG Q K, WANG S L, GAO H, et al. Influence of land use on soil organic matter[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(4):360-363.
[23] 朱祖详. 土壤学[M]. 北京:农业出版社,1983:276-279 ZHU Z X. Soil science[M]. Beijing:Agriculture Press, 1983:276-279. [24] 王振平,余辉,汪怀建,等. 大港河小流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力影响的研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报,2011,33(5):1017-1022. WANG Z P, YU H, WANG H J, et al. Effects of land use types on soil fertility in Dagang Watershed[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jianxiensis, 2011, 33(5):1017-1022.
[25] 彭云,赵正雄,李忠环,等. 不同前茬对烤烟生长、产量和质量的影响[J]. 作物学报,2010,36(2):335-340. PENG Y, ZHAO Z X, LI Z H, et al. Effects of different preceding crops on growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco plant[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinice, 2010, 36(2):335-340.
[26] 黄光荣. 烟蒜轮作增产增效的作用与评价[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学,2008. HUANG G R. Smoke garlic round the fuction and the evaluation which make to boost production to increase an effect[M]. Guiyang:Guizhou University, 2008. [27] 赖荣泉. 套种大蒜对烟田土壤微生物群落及烟叶品质的影响[J]. 中国烟草科学,2015,36(4):75-79. LAI R Q. Effects of garlic intercropping on soil microbial communities and tobacco leaf quality[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2015, 36(4):75-79.
[28] 薛超群,牟文君,胡利伟,等. 前作大蒜行距对后作烤烟黑胫病防控效果的影响[J]. 中国烟草学报,2016,22(2):61-66. XUE C Q, MOU W J, HU L W, et al. Effects of row spacing of garlic on black shank disease control of succeeding flue-cured tobacco crop[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, 2016, 22(2):61-66.
计量
- 文章访问数: 187
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 88
下载:
