Abstract: In order to further define the changes of soil physical and chemical properties after rice straw returning and turning over the soil for years, the effects on soil bulk density, pH values, organic matter, N, P, and K, and bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco were followed for nine years. The results showed that soil bulk density could be reduced by rice straw returning, turnover the soil in winter and winter fallow, especially by rice straw returning. With the increase of fixed-point tracking years, the pH value of soils was downtrend, while the soil acidification was slowed down by rice straw returning and turnover the soil in winter. Compared with the winter fallow treatment, rice straw returning and turnover the soil in winter could elevate the contents of soil organic matter, total potassium and available potassium in soil. However, alkaline N, available P and K had a downward trend in general with the increase of tobacco planting years. At the same time, rice straw returning measure can significantly reduce the rate and degree of bacterial wilt of flue-cured tobacco, and the effect of turnover the soil in winter was the second. To sum up, it is possible to improve the physicochemical properties of the soil including elevating the contents of soil organic matter and K, improving soil pH value and reducing soil bulk density by returning rice straw to the fields and turnover the soil in winter, and both measures could enhance the resistance to bacterial wilt of tobacco, and the effect of rice straw returning was better.