Abstract: A gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based method was used for the acquisition of chemical indices from three kinds of heat-not-burn tobacco products (HNBs) and two kinds of traditional cigarettes (TCs). Quantitative fingerprint data of chemical indices extracted using polar and less polar solvent was acquired. Similarity analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), chemical structural elucidation, and quantitative comparison of chemical indices among different tobacco products were then performed. The similarity analysis showed that the chemical fingerprint similarity value of the HNBs and TCs was about 0.32-0.45, indicating limited similarity. PCA models of both the polar and the less polar extracts showed that the two TCs clustered better than other products on the PCA score plots. The HNB-C, a Chinese domestic brand of HNB product, located far away from other HNBs on both of the established models, showing significant chemical difference among the HNBs. Chemical structural elucidation was then performed and 101 compounds were identified. Of these compounds, volatile alcohols and organic acids were found with higher concentration in HNBs while non-volatile sugars were found with higher concentration in TCs. The concentration distribution of volatile alcohols, organic acids and sugars of the HNBs ensure the smoking necessary components to be released and taken in by smokers.