烟草残茬水淹腐解特征及对水质的影响

陈金; 黄杰; 邓小华; 黄国强; 杨柳; 张文军; 何命军; 李帆; 谢鹏飞; 裴晓东

doi:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.06.005

烟草残茬水淹腐解特征及对水质的影响

陈金^1,2,
黄杰¹,
邓小华^1, ,,
黄国强²,
杨柳²,
张文军²,
何命军²,
李帆²,
谢鹏飞²,
裴晓东²

1. 湖南农业大学农学院, 长沙 410128;
2. 湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司, 长沙 410011

基金项目:

湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司科技项目“烟草残茬影响水稻和稻田环境的机理及利用方式研究”（CYKJ2018-01）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈金(1987-),农艺师,在读博士,研究方向为烟草栽培与调制。E-mail:345781640@qq.com

通讯作者:
邓小华,E-mail:yzdxh@163.com

中图分类号: S572.01
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-15
- 修回日期: 2019-11-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-27

The Characteristics of Tobacco Residue Decomposing under Water logged Conditions and its Impaction on Water Quality

1. College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
2. Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha 410011, China

摘要

摘要: 为明确水淹环境的烟草残茬腐解特征及对水质的影响，采用模拟试验，研究了水淹条件下烟草残茬腐解和养分及烟碱的释放动态特征，以及水体的烟碱、养分、pH、化学需氧量、生化需氧量的动态变化。结果表明，（1）烟草残茬腐解速率和养分、烟碱释放均表现为前期快后期慢的特点；30 d后烟碱累积释放率分别达到98.6%和99.1%；60 d后，烟茎氮、磷、钾、碳素累积释放率分别达到85.0%、85.5%、91.0%、48.1%，烟根分别达到71.1%、50.8%、87.0%、44.4%；120 d后，烟茎和烟根的累积腐解率分别达到66.2%和51.0%。（2）烟草残茬腐解导致水体烟碱含量快速增加，在4～10 d达到最大值，在40～50 d内分解完毕；烟草残茬腐解后，水体氮、磷、钾含量在30～60 d达到最大值，水体pH在40～50 d达到最大值，水体生化需氧量（BOD₅）和化学需氧量（COD_Cr）在30 d左右达到最大值。因此，烟草残茬腐解可提高水体中N、P、K和有机物含量，其释放的烟碱在水体中40～50 d完全分解；烟根和烟茎分别于腐解40、60 d后符合农田灌溉水质标准。
- 烟草残茬 /
- 水淹腐解 /
- 烟碱 /
- 水质
Abstract: In order to clarify the characteristics of tobacco residue decomposing under waterlogged conditions and their effects on water quality, the simulated pot experiment was conducted to study the decomposing rate, decomposing amount and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and nicotine release characteristics of tobacco residues under waterlogged conditions, and the dynamic changes in nicotine, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical demand of water bodies after tobacco residue decomposing. The results showed that, (1) After decomposition of tobacco residues, the rate of decomposing, nutrient and nicotine release were fast at the early stage and slow at the late stage. The cumulative release rate of nicotine reached 98.6% and 99.1% respectively after 30 days. After 60 days, the cumulative release rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and carbon in tobacco stems reached 85.0%, 85.5%, 91.0% and 48.1%, and that in tobacco roots reached 71.1%, 50.8%, 87.0% and 44.4%, respectively. After 120 days, the cumulative decomposing rates of tobacco stems and tobacco roots reached 66.2% and 51.0% respectively. (2) The decomposition of tobacco residues led to rapid increase of nicotine content in water, which reached the maximum value 4 to 10 days after and the decomposition completed within 40 to 50 days. After tobacco residue being decomposed, the contents of N, P and K in water reached the maximum value from 30 to 60 days, the pH of the water reaches the maximum value from 40-50 days, the BOD₅ and COD_Cr of water reached the maximum around the 30th day of decomposition. As a result, the content of N, P, K and organic matter increased after tobacco residues decomposing and the released nicotine will decompose completely within 40 to 50 days in water; The roots and stems of tobacco met the Standards for irrigation water quality after decomposing for 40 and 60 days.
- tobacco residue /
- decomposing under waterlogged conditions /
- nicotine /
- water quality

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