5种生物农药对烟蚜和食蚜瘿蚊的毒力测定及安全性评价

申修贤; 黄纯杨; 于晓飞; 商胜华; 王秀琴; 王小彦; 刘明宏; 杨茂发

doi:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2020.01.009

5种生物农药对烟蚜和食蚜瘿蚊的毒力测定及安全性评价

Safety Evaluation and Toxicity Determination of 5 Biopesticides to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphidoletes aphidimyza(Rondani)

摘要

摘要: 为筛选出对食蚜瘿蚊安全的生物农药，选用5种常用的生物农药对烟蚜及食蚜瘿蚊幼虫（喷雾法）和食蚜瘿蚊成虫（药膜法）进行了毒力测定和安全性评估。结果表明，无论处理24 h还是48 h，对烟蚜毒力较高的是甲维盐和苦参碱，LC₅₀分别为2.166和3.695 mg/L（24 h），1.567和2.874 mg/L（48 h）；对食蚜瘿蚊幼虫的毒力较高的是鱼藤酮，LC₅₀为18.137 mg/L（24 h）、13.771 mg/L（48 h），对成虫的毒力较高的是多杀菌素，LC₅₀为7.249 mg/L（24 h）、4.125 mg/L（48 h）。因此5种生物农药中苦参碱、甲维盐、苏云金杆菌对烟蚜和食蚜瘿蚊的选择性较高，适宜在田间与食蚜瘿蚊联合应用防控烟蚜。

Abstract: To screen for biopesticides safe to Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) in tobacco fields, the toxicities of five kinds of biopesticides against Myzus persicae, as well as three instars larvae (spray method) and adults of A. aphidimyza were evaluated. The results showed that the highest toxicity on M. persicae was from emamectin benzoate and matrine both at 24 h and 48 h after treatment, with LC₅₀ 2.166 and 3.695 mg/L (24 h), 1.567 and 2.874 mg/L (48 h), respectively. The highest toxicity on larva of A. aphidimyza was from rotenone, with LC₅₀ 18.137 mg/L (24 h) and 13.771 mg/L (48 h). The highest toxicity on adults of A. aphidimyza was from spinosad, with LC₅₀ 7.249 mg/L (24 h) and 4.125 mg/L (48 h). Therefore, matrine, emamectin benzoate and Bacillus thuringgiensis in the five biological pesticides have higher selectivity to M. persicae and A. aphidimyza, so they are suitable for the combined application of biopesticides and A. aphidimyza in the field to control M. persicae.

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