Abstract: In order to understand the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties, bacterial community structure and bacterial wilt, the physical and chemical indexes of 160 tobacco growing soils (82 rhizosphere soils of non-infected and 78 rhizosphere soils infected by bacterial wilt) were tested, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences of bacterial community structure of the soils. The results showed that: (1) Compared with non-infected soils, the diversity of soil bacterial increased with the infection of tobacco bacterial wilt. (2) The relative abundance of Ralstonia was significantly improved in the rhizosphere soils infected by bacterial wilt, while Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas were of the opposite effects. (3) The complexity of microbial network structure was enhanced, while the stability decreased and the type of bacteria at the core point changed in rhizosphere soils with the infection of tobacco bacterial wilt. (4) CCA analysis indicated that soil pH and available phosphorus (AP) were the important factors affecting the occurrence of bacterial wilt. In conclusion, the increase of soil pH, AP and relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas and the decrease of Ralstonia might be the key factors to reduce the incidence of bacterial wilt in tobacco field.