Abstract: In order to explore the effect of tobacco-rice continuous cropping on soil aggregates and its stability in river alluvial soil as well as the key influencing factors, the distribution and stability of river fluvial soil aggregates under different years of tobacco-rice continuous cropping in southern China were studied, meanwhile, the effects of soil physical and chemical indexes such as soil organic matter and particle composition on soil aggregates distribution and its stability were studied by means of correlation and redundancy analysis. The results showed that during the 5-25 a time frame of tobacco-rice continuous cropping, the content of >5 mm soil aggregates increased significantly by 26.24%-64.41%, 0.5-0.25 mm and <0.25 mm soil aggregates decreased markedly by 19.45%-53.70% and 18.99%-45.63% respectively. The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates were significantly increased by 26.17%-57.01% and 38.01%-104.33% respectively. But the fractal dimension (D) decreased significantly, and the stability of soil aggregates increased. Correlation and redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that soil organic matter, coarse sand, medium sand, fine silt and clay were the key indexes induced the variation of soil aggregates distribution, and the soil aggregates with the diameter of >5 mm, <0.25 mm and 0.5-0.25 mm were the key indexes resulted in the variation of soil aggregates stability. The content variation of soil organic matter, coarse sand, medium sand, fine silt and clay urged >5 mm soil aggregates formation or destruction, which resulted in the changes of soil aggregates stability. Therefore, The YDLZ 5-25 a in river alluvial soil was beneficial for improving soil structure and soil quality.