Abstract: In order to clarify the key microbial and soil factors of cigar bacterial wilt, amplicon sequencing was used in analyzing the rhizosphere soil microbial structural composition, soil physical and chemical properties, and their relationship with non-infected and infected soils. The results showed that the microbial diversity and complexity of rhizosphere soil were higher in soils infected by bacterial wilt compared with non-infected. The rhizosphere soil infected by bacterial wilt had increased relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphaerobolus, Trichoclaudium, Fusarium, and decreased relative abundance of Chujaibacter, Stenotrophomonas, Rhodanobacter, Mortierella, Chaetomium. The disease index of bacterial wilt was positively correlated with soil water content, capillary porosity and available phosphorus, and significantly negatively correlated with soil aeration porosity, pH and exchangeable calcium. Canonical correlation, principal component and minimum data set analysis indicated that soil capillary porosity, available phosphorus and the relative abundance of Ralstonia, Chujaibacter were the key soil and microbial factors of cigar bacterial wilt. It provides a reference for the effective control of cigar bacterial wilt.