不同种类有机肥对植烟土壤生物学特性及烤烟产质量的影响

杨茜; 张弘蒙; 杨洁; 孙曙光; 石刚; 李志刚; 吴勇; 杨永霞; 王鹏

doi:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2023.01.002

不同种类有机肥对植烟土壤生物学特性及烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Biological Characteristics of Tobacco Growing Soil, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

摘要

摘要: 为探究有机肥施用对广元植烟土壤的改良效果，采用大田试验，以纯施化肥为对照，研究了配施菜籽饼肥（T1）、芝麻饼肥（T2）、农家肥（T3）、高碳基肥（T4）对植烟土壤酶活性、可培养微生物数量、根际土壤微生物碳代谢特征及烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明，施用有机肥能够提高移栽后60 d土壤酶活性，增加土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量，明显提高烟叶产量、产值，协调化学成分，以T3农家肥处理提质增产效果最显著，产量、产值分别增加214.91 kg/hm²、7 225.39元/hm²。不同配施处理，以T1处理菜籽饼肥土壤蔗糖酶活性最高，较对照提高了74.03%，T3处理农家肥对提高土壤脲酶活性作用明显，较对照提高42.42%；有机肥施用明显提高土壤真菌和放线菌数量，且T3处理农家肥显著增加细菌、真菌、放线菌数量，与对照相比增幅分别为44.50%、100.79%、162.45%；施用有机肥能提高根际土壤微生物碳代谢活性，尤其是T3处理农家肥AWCD值、Shannon指数、Simpson指数高于其他处理，氨基酸类、羧酸类碳源利用率分别较对照提高49.26%、60.56%。综上，配施农家肥效果最好。

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of organic fertilizers on soil improvement in Guangyuan, field experiments were carried out, with pure chemical fertilizer as a control, to study the effects of rapeseed cake fertilizer(T1), sesame cake fertilizer(T2), farmyard manure(T3), high carbon base fertilizer(T4) on soil enzyme activities, number of culture able microorganisms, carbon metabolism capacity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers enhanced soil enzyme activities 60 days after transplanting, increased the number of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and significantly promoted yield and output value of tobacco leaves, also coordinated chemical composition of tobacco leaves. The effect of improving quality and increasing yield by applying farmyard fertilizer was the most remarkable, and the yield and output value per hectare were increased by 214.91 kg and 7 225.39 yuan. With different combined application treatments, the combined application of rapeseed cake fertilizer had the greatest increase in soil sucrase activity by 74.03%, and the combination of farmyard manure had the most obvious effect on soil urease activity, which was 42.42% higher than pure chemical fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the number of soil fungi and actinomycetes, and the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was significantly increased by farmyard manure, which was 44.50%, 100.79% and 162.45% higher than pure chemical fertilizer. Besides this, application of organic fertilizer improved the carbon metabolism activities of rhizosphere soil microorganisms, especially the AWCD value, Shannon index and Simpson index of farmyard manure treatment were higher than that of the other treatments, and the utilization rates of amino acids and carboxylic acids carbon sources were significantly increased by 49.26% and 60.56% compared with the control, respectively. To sum up, the effect of applying farmyard manure is the best.

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