Genetic Analysis of Harmful Components in Main Stream Cigarette Smoke
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摘要: 为深入解析卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的遗传机制,以烤烟Y3和K326为亲本构建的重组自交系群体(RIL)为材料,采用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对该群体连续3个世代(F6:7、F7:8和F8:9)的一氧化碳(CO)、氢氰酸(HCN)、4-甲基亚硝胺基-1-3-吡啶基-1-丁酮(NNK)、氨(NH3)、苯并芘{B[a]P}、苯酚(PHE)、巴豆醛(CRO)和焦油(TAR)等8个主流烟气有害成分性状进行遗传分析。结果表明:(1)8个主流烟气有害成分性状在连续3个世代中均呈单峰或多峰的正态或偏正态分布,属典型的数量性状。(2)在连续3个世代中,8个性状的最优遗传模型均为4对部分等加性主基因模型,其中,CO、HCN、NNK、NH3、B[a]P和CRO的最优遗传模型为4MG-EEA;PHE和TAR的最优遗传模型为4MG-EEEA。(3)上述性状在连续3个世代中均受主基因遗传模型控制,主基因遗传率极高(均值为89.01%)且远大于环境(非遗传)因素影响。综上,这些性状主要由遗传基础决定的,可为选育烟草低危害良种提供理论依据。Abstract: In order to analyze the genetic mechanisms of harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke, the recombinant inbred lines (RIL) crossed by flue-cured tobaccos Y3 and K326 were used in the major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model method analyses for Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocyanic acid (HCN), 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK:), Ammonia (NH3), Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), Phenol (PHE), Crotonaldehyde (CRO) and Tar (TAR) in three consecutive generations (2018F6:7, 2019F7:8 and 2020F8:9). The main results were as follows: (1) The 8 traits value of RIL populations in three generations all showed normal or partial normal distribution of single or multi peaks, belonging to typical quantitative inheritance. (2) The optimal genetic models for the 8 traits were all controlled by four major genes with partially equally additive (PEA) effects inheritance in three consecutive years. The optimal genetic model of CO, HCN, NNK, NH3, B[a]P and CRO was 4MG-EEA, controlled by four major genes with partially equally additive 1 (PEA1) effect mixed inheritance; The optimal genetic model of PHE and TAR was 4MG-EEEA, controlled by four major-genes with partially equally additive 2 (PEA2) effect mixed inheritance.(3) These typical harmful components in mainstream cigarette smoke were only controlled by the major gene genetic model in 3 generations, and the heritability of the main genes was higher than 85% (mean 89.01%) and much greater than that of the environmental effect. In conclusion, these traits are mainly determined by genetic basis, which can provide theoretical basis for cultivating low-harm tobacco varieties.
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