Abstract: The southwestern region of China has complex terrain and distinct mountainous planting characteristics.In order to study the potential suitable areas for tobacco cultivation in the region, an analysis was conducted on the climatic ecological niche of 191 effective tobacco planting sites in the southwestern region.The Max Ent model combined with Arc Map was used to identify the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of typical tobacco and to predict the potential suitable areas for tobacco cultivation in the southwestern region.The results showed that the Max Ent model had an AUC value of 0.950 after training. The three bioclimatic factors, namely, the mean temperature (°C) of the driest quarter, the precipitation (mm) of the driest month, and the precipitation (mm) of the warmest quarter, were the main environmental factors affecting tobacco growth in the southwestern region, with the contributions being 40.5%, 30.3%, and 12.9%, respectively. The entire Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, and Chongqing Municipality are suitable areas for tobacco cultivation. In addition, it was found that the Linzhi and Shannan regions of Tibet have highly suitable areas, and there are a few moderately suitable areas in the southwestern part of the Ali region.The prediction of climatic ecological niche indicated that the highly suitable area for tobacco cultivation in the southwestern region is approximately 5.229×10⁵ km² There are still some areas suitable for tobacco cultivation in the southwestern region of China that need to be developed.