Abstract: In order to clarify the effects of land consolidation on the physical and chemical properties and microbial communities of tobacco soil, Yangliu Town Tobacco Science and Technology Park in southern Anhui Province was taken as the research object. Through the soil analysis and testing with three different intensity consolidation methods: mild consolidation (ZT1), heavy consolidation (ZT2), and no consolidation (ZCK), the differences in soil physical and chemical properties, bacterial community composition, and diversity were studied. The results showed that compared with ZCK, land consolidation reduced the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The higher the consolidation intensity, accompanied with the lower the nutrient content, but heavy consolidation increased soil pH; Land consolidation reduced the proportion of large soil aggregates, increased the proportion of small soil aggregates, decreased the average weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and stability of soil aggregates. Land consolidation can affect the diversity of soil bacterial communities and the abundance of various microbial communities. Compared with ZCK, ZT1’s the bacterial community richness and diversity index increased in the ZT1 treatment, while the diversity index showed a downward trend in the ZT2 treatment. Mild consolidation increased the overall relative abundance of the top 5 bacterial genera and species, such as Lactococcus, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Lactococcus piscium. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize light consolidation during the process of tobacco field land consolidation. If heavy consolidation is unavoidable, effective measures should be taken to reduce the negative impact of land consolidation on the physical and chemical properties and microorganisms of tobacco field soil.