Abstract: In order to comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the fertility of typical tobacco-growing soils in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, we analyzed the existing problems of soils, and guided reasonable fertilization and soil improvement. Seven major tobacco-growing areas in Qiannan Prefecture, including Fuquan City, Longli County, Guiding County, Changshun County, Huishui County, Pingtang County and Luodian County, were selected as the research objects. A total of 193 soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm plough layers of typical tobacco fields. Eleven fertility indices were measured, including pH, organic matter (OM), alkaline nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), exchangeable calcium (ECa), magnesium (EMg), available boron (AB), sand (SAN, 0.05-2 mm), silt (SIL, 0.002-0.05 mm), and clay (CLA, <0.002 mm). Principal component analysis was used to determine the weight of each fertility index, and the soil comprehensive fertility index (IFI) was calculated by combining the index membership function. The results showed that the pH, OM, ECa, SAN, SIL, and CLA contents of tobacco-growing soils in Qiannan Prefecture are generally in the suitable range for flue-cured tobacco growth, while the AN and EMg contents are in the high range. The regional distribution of AP and AK contents varies greatly. The average soil AB content is 0.11 mg/kg, which is in a serious deficiency state. The average IFI of tobacco-growing soils is 0.57 points, which is in the medium range of comprehensive fertility. The regional IFI is in the medium range as a whole. The IFI of tobacco-growing soils in Luodian County is the lowest, which is 0.41 points. In general, the fertility of tobacco-growing soils in Qiannan Prefecture can meet the demands of high-quality tobacco leaf production. Different tobacco-growing areas should carry out reasonable fertilization and soil improvement according to their own fertility characteristics. The entire tobacco-growing areas need to increase the application of boron fertilizers, and the tobacco-growing areas in northern Luodian need to increase the application of potassium fertilizers.