Abstract: Tobacco waste serves as a distinctive biomass resource, and its high-value utilization is pivotal to eco-friendly and sustainable development of tobacco industry in China. With complicated composition and abundant active substances, it can be used in the preparation of high-value materials, and has extensive application prospect in medication, fine chemical industry, energy, etc. However, pursuing high-value applications from tobacco waste is challenging, including inferior yield ratios, suboptimal utilization rates, and high energy demands, which limited the further development and utilization of tobacco material. The swift strides in synthetic biology help spark new ideas for high-value of tobacco waste. This paper reviewed current research on high-value utilization of tobacco wastes including tobacco stalk, stem, wasted leaves and flower, and indicated the significant obstacles inherent. By integrating the applications of synthetic biology within the broader context of biomass utilization, this paper forecasts a trajectory for enhancing tobacco waste's high-value potential, thereby fostering innovation and development in the realm of high-value utilization of tobacco waste through synthetic biology.