Abstract: Fermentation is a crucial step in the production of cigar tobacco leaves, playing a pivotal role in enhancing cigar tobacco leaves quality and shaping cigar characteristics. However, due to the relatively late development of domestic cigar tobacco, unclear fermentation mechanisms and techniques have constrained fermentation quality and product application of cigar tobacco. This paper systematically summarizes the current state of cigar tobacco leaves fermentation, and elaborates on the fundamental and applied research findings of cigar tobacco leaves fermentation from the aspects of mechanism, influencing factors, conventional and characteristic techniques. Additionally, suggestions and research directions for cigar tobacco fermentation were proposed based on practical production needs, aiming to contribute to the development of the domestic cigar industry.