Abstract: To systematically investigate the species composition, community structure, and geospatial distribution patterns of weeds in cigar tobacco fields, this study was conducted in Laifeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. Utilizing. Through a systematic survey of weed communities in cigar tobacco fields across eight townships within the county, combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the species composition, distribution of dominant populations, and geospatial distribution characteristics of the weed communities were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 187 weed species, belonging to 144 genera and 56 families, were recorded in the tobacco fields. Overall, six weed species, including Digitaria sanguinalis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Acalypha australis, Pouzolzia zeylanica, Eleusine indica, and Polygonum lapathifolium, were identified as dominant weeds. Seven weed species, including Setaria viridis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Artemisia annua, Solanum nigrum, Mazus pumilus, Cyperus iria, and Galinsoga quadriradiata, were identified as regionally dominant weeds. There were 15 main types of weed communities, exhibiting two patterns: communities dominated by 1–2 highly dominant weed species and communities composed of 3–4 weed species with comparable dominance levels. According to analyses based on the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index, species diversity during the tobacco leaf maturation period was significantly higher than during the vigorous growth period and the winter fallow period. Comprehensive analysis indicates that Laifeng County has developed rich weed communities in its tobacco fields due to its unique geographical features, climatic conditions, and agricultural management practices.