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    全国16 个主产烟省(区) 烟草侵染性病害调研报告

    A report of investigating and study ing tobacco infectious diseases of 16 ma in tobacco produc ing prov inces (reg ion s) in China

    • 摘要: 经过全国16 个主产烟省(区) 烟草侵染性病害调查研究协作组3 年的调查、研究和鉴定, 共查清烟草侵染性病害68 种, 已鉴定的62 种, 尚待鉴定的6 种。在62 种病害中国内首次报道的11 种, 5 种是世界上首次报道, 它们是烟草茎点病、烟草细菌性叶斑病、烟草细菌性黑茎病、烟草细菌性黑腐病及日本菟丝子, 都是偶然发生的病害。62 种病害中主要烟草病害有15 种, 其分布范围为11~ 16 个省(区), 其为害严重省(区) 为1~ 14 个省(区), 为害中等省(区) 为2~ 9 个省(区)。62 种病害依病原物划分, 其中真菌性病害30 种, 细菌性病害8 种, 病毒病害17 种, 类菌原体病害2种, 线虫病害3 种及寄生性种子植物2 种。就烟草花叶病(主要包括烟草普通花叶病毒病和黄瓜花叶病毒病)、赤星病、黑胫病、青枯病和根结线虫病5 种烟草主要病害, 1989~ 1991 年3 年所造成的经济损失, 进行了损失估计研究, 据不完全统计烟叶产量损失418 亿多kg, 产值损失15 亿多元。烟草病害为害程度, 仅此可见一斑。从烟草病害发展史着眼, 烟草病害一直威胁着烟草的产质, 所以为保护烟草生产与病害长期斗争的任务是艰巨的。

       

      Abstract: Th rough th ree years of invest igat ion s and studies by the Co llabo rat ive Group of 16m ain p rovinces ( region s)of tobacco p roduct ion in Ch ina, 62 infect iou s diseases of tobacco have been invest igated and iden t if ided. O f them, 11 diseases w ere f irst found in Ch ina, and 5 diseasesw ere f irst repo rted in the wo rld. They aretobacco stem speck (P hom a n icotianae Yu et Hua), tobacco bacterial leaf spo t X an thom onas camp estris pv. vesica toria (Do idge)Dye , tobacco bacterial b lack stem E rw in ia ca rotovola subsp, a trosep eitica (V an Hall) Dye , tobacco bacterial b lack ro t X an thom onas camp estris pv. camp estris (Pamm el)Dow son , and J apanese dodder (Cuscu ta jap on ica Cho rs), and all of them occu rred occasionally. O f the 62 diseases there are 15 seriou s ones, generally dist ribu t ing in 14~ 16 p rovinces ( region s) and cau sing seriou s lo sses in 1~ 14 p rovinces( region s). They are m ino r diseases o r do no t cau se seriou s lo sses in 2~ 9 p rovinces ( region s). A cco rding to catego ries of pathogen s, the 62 diseases m ay be divided in to: 30 cau sed by fungi, 8 by bacteria, 17 by viru ses, 2 by m ycop lasm a, 3 by nem atodes, and 2 by seed p lan t s.By the im comp lete stat ist ics in 1989~ 1991, the 5 diseases, tobacco mo saic ( including TMV, CMV and even PV Y), b row n spo t, b lank shank, bacterial Granville w ilt and nem atode roo t kno t, cau sed leaf lo ss to 0148 b illion kg and the ou tpu t value lo ss to 115 b illion yuan (RMB). These f igu res show the seriou sness of the tobacco diseases. F rom the viewpo in t of the developm en t h isto ry of phytopatho logy, tobacco diseases are a p resen t p ract ical and long- term po ten t ial th reat to the yield and quality of tobacco. Therefo re, it is a hard task to p ro tect the tobacco p roduct ion and to st ruggle again st tobacco diseases.

       

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