Abstract: The current macro-control system of tobacco leaves in China still takes the planned administration as the principal medium, which has not fitted in with the needs of the development of socialistic market economy. Under the current circumstances, it is imperative to establish a new macro-control system of China tobacco leaves. Our objectives are: firstly, to improve the monopolized system of tobacco leaves; secondly, to give full play to the positive function of rational deployment of the tobacco resources under market mechanism; finally, to regulate the market indirectly by means of economic and legal measures such as the regulation of state reservation and that of importation and exportation for resolving effectively the blindness and sluggishness produced by the spontaneous regulation of market system, avoiding violent fluctuation of tobacco price, production and circulation, protecting the benefits of producers and consumers, and realizing the sustained development of tobacco production.