Abstract: We collected 150 leaf samples of flue-cured tobacco from five counties in Henan Province and tested their major chemical components and smoking quality. The results showed the odor types of Henan flue-cured tobacco were full-bodied, but some of them were no longer typical. The odor type of flue-cured tobacco in Pingdingshan and Zhumadian were more typical. There were close relationships between the nicotine contents, the ratio of total nitrogen contents to the nicotine, the ratio of the total sugar contents to the nicotine and the sulphur contents. The statistical results showed that there were significant negative correlation between the nicotine contents, total nitrogen contents, the ratio of the reducing sugar contents to total sugar and the smoking quality, significant positive correlation between the total sugar contents, the reducing sugar contents, the ratio of the total sugar contents to nicotine and the smoking quality within the specific limits, and all of their correlation were significant at 1% level. The chemical components suitable ranges were discussed when their odor type were more typical and had upper smoking quality.