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    不同种植方式下烤烟烟田土壤酶活性研究

    Effects of Different Tobacco Planting Systems on Soil Enzyme Activities

    • 摘要: 以棕壤为供试土壤,研究了烤烟不同种植方式(绿肥烤烟轮作、烤烟纯作、麦茬烟和麦套烟)对烟田耕层土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,在研究时段内,耕层土壤(0~25 cm)的过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性在4 种种植方式下均无显著差异,但3 种土壤酶活性随时间的变化各异,其中过氧化氢酶随时间变化较平稳,在烤烟移栽后30 d(6 月20 日)有最低值;蔗糖酶活性在烤烟移栽30 d 后有所下降,随后逐渐升高,在采收期(9 月7 日)达到最高值;脲酶活性在烤烟现蕾期(移栽后68 d)达到最高值,随后急剧降低。就不同土壤层次(0~5 cm,5~15 cm,15~25 cm)而言,烟田土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性在耕层内随土壤深度增加而增加,但增幅较小;而蔗糖酶活性在耕层内随土层深度大致呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在整个烤烟生育期内土壤酶活性的时间变异表现为,土壤脲酶的时间变异系数最大,显示其受外界环境的影响最大;蔗糖酶次之,而过氧化氢酶最小,其季节变化最稳定。

       

      Abstract: In order to study the effect of different tobacco planting systems (green manure-tobacco with crop rotation, monoculture-tobacco, wheat-tobacco with crop-rotation and inter-cropping) on soil enzyme activities, soil samples were taken from brown soil in Yishui county, Shandong Province. Results showed that in the study period (from 24 Mar to 7 Sep in 2009), the soil catalase, sucrase and urase activity in plowed layers (0-25cm) were not significantly different under different planting systems. However, three soil enzyme activities varied with seasons differently. The activity of catalase changed with a small fluctuation in overall, but reached the minimum after 30 days of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting (20 Jun). Sucrase activity decreased after 30 days of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting, then it gradually increased, and reached the maximum at the harvest period (7 Sep.). Urase activity reached the maximum at squaring stage (68 days after the flue-cured tobacco transplanting) and then dramatically decreased. In terms of the different soil layers (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-25 cm), the catalase and urase activities increased with soil depth in the plowed layers, but the range was very small. The order of protease activity with soil depth was 5-15cm >0-5cm >15-25cm. In the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the temporal variability of three soil enzymes was also analyzed. Soil urase had the largest temporal variation coefficient, which meant it had the largest effect by the outer environment in the whole tobacco growth period. Soil sucrase took the second place. Soil catalase had the smallest temporal variation coefficient, with a most stable seasonal variation.

       

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